E

Earnings Per Share (EPS) – Net income divided by shares outstanding.
Economic Indicator – Data used to assess economic conditions.
Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) – The theory that prices reflect all available information.
Emerging Markets – Developing economies with higher growth potential and risk.
Equity – Ownership interest in a company.
Equity Fund – A fund investing primarily in stocks.
Escrow – Assets held by a third party until conditions are met.
Estate Planning – Preparing for asset management and distribution after death.
ETF (Exchange-Traded Fund) – A tradable fund tracking an index or asset group.
Eurobond – A bond issued in a currency different from the issuer’s home currency.
Ex-Dividend Date – The date after which new buyers do not receive the next dividend.
Expense Ratio – Annual fund operating costs as a percentage of assets.

F

Fair Value – An estimate of an asset’s true worth.
Fiduciary – A party legally obligated to act in another’s best interest.
Financial Advisor – A professional providing investment and financial planning advice.
Financial Statement – Official records of financial performance and position.
Fixed Income – Investments providing regular income payments.
Float – Shares available for public trading.
Foreign Exchange (Forex) – The global currency trading market.
Forward Contract – A private agreement to trade an asset in the future.
Fundamental Analysis – Evaluating value using financial and business data.
Futures Contract – An exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell later.

G

Gains – Increases in investment value, realized or unrealized.
Gearing – The extent to which a company uses debt financing.
General Obligation Bond – A municipal bond backed by taxing authority.
Geopolitical Risk – Risk arising from political or international events.
Gilts – Bonds issued by the UK government.
Global Depositary Receipt (GDR) – A certificate representing foreign shares.
Global Fund – A fund investing across multiple countries.
Going Public – Listing a private company on a public exchange.
Golden Parachute – Executive compensation paid after a takeover or termination.
Good ’Til Cancelled (GTC) Order – A trade order that remains active until executed or canceled.
Growth Investing – Investing in companies expected to grow rapidly.
Growth Stock – Shares of a company with above-average growth expectations.

H

Hard Asset – A tangible asset such as property or commodities.
Hedge – An investment used to reduce risk exposure.
Hedge Fund – A private fund using advanced strategies to seek high returns.
High-Frequency Trading (HFT) – Automated trading using high-speed algorithms.
High-Yield Bond – A higher-risk bond offering higher interest.
Holding Period – The length of time an investment is owned.
Holding Company – A firm that controls other companies through ownership.
Horizontal Merger – A merger between companies in the same industry.
Hostile Takeover – An acquisition attempted without management approval.
Hot Issue – A newly issued security with strong demand.
Hybrid Security – A financial instrument combining debt and equity features.